The disposable income of households and non-profit organisations serving households increased by €11.4 billion, or 8.1% (from €140.3 billion to €151.7 billion) last year, compared to 2022.

At the same time, final consumption expenditure increased by 6.5%, from €145.2 billion to €154.6 billion. While the savings rate was -1.9% in 2023 compared to -3.5% in 2022.

The annual non-financial accounts of institutional sectors for 2023 (with simultaneous revision of the years 1995–2022) published by ELSTAT also show the following:

The share of non-financial corporations' investment, defined as gross fixed capital formation to gross value added, was 22.6% in 2023 compared to 22.3% in 2022.

At the same time, a deficit of EUR 10.7 billion was recorded in the external balance of goods and services last year compared to a deficit of EUR 20 billion recorded in 2022.

While the overall economy recorded a net borrowing of 12.8 billion euros in 2023 compared to a net borrowing of 17.3 billion euros in 2022.